That's a good question. I think you can. If you click on your friend's profile, it often tells you where they are. Once you have the teleportation skillset, you should be able to go there.
Yes, you definitely can. Make sure you have added your friends to your, well, friends. In game, you should see a list of your friends. Click on a specific friend's name and then click "info" and it will tell you where they are. You can teleport to them using the Teleportation skill, but I believe you'll need either level IV+ of the skill, a token, or a tele script. Or your friend can summon you to wherever xe (my genderless pronoun) is if xe has Tele IV or V.
Yes Jarhaven's correct. If they are on you're friends list, you can click on their name and it'll tell you their location. From there you can teleport to them, or you could IM them and find out where they are then meet them at a subway station.
The game doesn't keep you from being with your friends. You just may have to do a bit of work to get to where they are.
When you learn teleportation, you can teleport to them, as others said. You can also take the subway after you have your Papers, or set the GPS on the map to guide you to them by walking. It's really easy to meet up with your friends, even if it takes a bit of time.
You also can just hover over your friend's name on the friend list to see where they are, rather than pull up the info thing.
I think if you DO click on them, though, there may be a "Teleport To" shortcut. I may be wrong and I can't access the game from here, so... can anyone confirm or debunk?
No, you can not hover their name and teleport to them. However, you can find out where they are. And with teleportation 1 (and a token) you can teleport to where they are via the map.